.. _ref-files-file:

The ``File`` object
===================

.. currentmodule:: django.core.files

.. class:: File(file_object)

``File`` attributes and methods
-------------------------------

Django's ``File`` has the following attributes and methods:

.. attribute:: File.name

    The name of file including the relative path from :setting:`MEDIA_ROOT`.

.. attribute:: File.path

    The absolute path to the file's location on a local filesystem.

    :ref:`Custom file storage systems <howto-custom-file-storage>` may not store
    files locally; files stored on these systems will have a ``path`` of
    ``None``.

.. attribute:: File.url

    The URL where the file can be retrieved. This is often useful in
    :ref:`templates <topics-templates>`; for example, a bit of a template for
    displaying a ``Car`` (see above) might look like:
    
    .. code-block:: html+django

        <img src='{{ car.photo.url }}' alt='{{ car.name }}' />

.. attribute:: File.size

    The size of the file in bytes.

.. method:: File.open(mode=None)

    Open or reopen the file (which by definition also does ``File.seek(0)``).
    The ``mode`` argument allows the same values as Python's standard
    ``open()``.

    When reopening a file, ``mode`` will override whatever mode the file was
    originally opened with; ``None`` means to reopen with the original mode.

.. method:: File.read(num_bytes=None)

    Read content from the file. The optional ``size`` is the number of bytes to
    read; if not specified, the file will be read to the end.

.. method:: File.__iter__()

    Iterate over the file yielding one line at a time.

.. method:: File.chunks(chunk_size=None)

    Iterate over the file yielding "chunks" of a given size. ``chunk_size``
    defaults to 64 KB.

    This is especially useful with very large files since it allows them to be
    streamed off disk and avoids storing the whole file in memory.

.. method:: File.multiple_chunks(chunk_size=None)

    Returns ``True`` if the file is large enough to require multiple chunks to
    access all of its content give some ``chunk_size``.

.. method:: File.write(content)

    Writes the specified content string to the file. Depending on the storage
    system behind the scenes, this content might not be fully committed until
    ``close()`` is called on the file.

.. method:: File.close()

    Close the file.

Additional ``ImageField`` attributes
------------------------------------

.. attribute:: File.width
    
    Width of the image.

.. attribute:: File.height

    Height of the image.

Additional methods on files attached to objects
-----------------------------------------------

.. highlight:: pycon

Any :class:`File` that's associated with an object (as with ``Car.photo``,
above) will also have a couple of extra methods:

.. method:: File.save(name, content, save=True)

    Saves a new file with the file name and contents provided. This will not
    replace the existing file, but will create a new file and update the object
    to point to it. If ``save`` is ``True``, the model's ``save()`` method will
    be called once the file is saved. That is, these two lines::
    
        >>> car.photo.save('myphoto.jpg', contents, save=False)
        >>> car.save()
    
    are the same as this one line::
    
        >>> car.photo.save('myphoto.jpg', contents, save=True)
    
    Note that the ``content`` argument must be an instance of
    :class:`File` or of a subclass of :class:`File`.

.. method:: File.delete(save=True)

    Remove the file from the model instance and delete the underlying file. The
    ``save`` argument works as above.